Gelernter: A dissenting voice in the field of artificial intelligence
The relationship between the human mind and body is something that has occupied philosophers at least since the father of modern philosophy, René Descartes, bequeathed his notorious “dualism” to his successors. For Descartes the mind was a different “substance” compared to the body – the former was a “thinking substance” and the latter an “extended substance”, and he resolved the problem of the manner in which these mutually exclusive substances “interacted” by postulating the so-called “animal spirits” – a hybrid concept, denoting something between mind and body – as mediating between them in the pineal gland at the base of the human brain. Increasingly, from the late 19th-century onwards, thinkers started questioning the validity of such dualistic thinking; in various ways philosophers such as Edmund Husserl, Martin Heidegger, Maurice Merleau-Ponty…
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