Investigating causality in human behavior from smartphone sensor data

We apply the causal inference framework described in the previous section in order to assess the causal impact of factors like exercising, socializing, working or spending time at home on stress level.1 4.1 Variables Initially, we define the variables that will be included in the study as follows: 1 H t u , d <img class=”mathimg” src=”http://www.epjdatascience.com/content/inline/s13688-015-0061-1-i27.gif” alt=”View MathML”/> : denotes the total time in seconds that the user u spent at home during day d until time t; 2 U t u , d <img class=”mathimg” src=”http://www.epjdatascience.com/content/inline/s13688-015-0061-1-i28.gif” alt=”View MathML”/> : denotes the total time in seconds that the user u spent at university during day d until time t; 3 O t u , d <img class=”mathimg” src=”http://www.epjdatascience.com/content/inline/s13688-015-0061-1-i29.gif” alt=”View MathML”/> : denotes the total time in seconds that the…


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